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1.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 41(139)ene.-jun. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228537

RESUMO

En el siglo XXI, en el que los niños se están convirtiendo en un bien escaso en el primer mundo, las familias han evolucionado de tal modo que los hijos se han convertido en el eje de las mismas. Nunca antes se ha hecho tanto caso a la prole ni se han invertido tantos recursos económicos y emocionales en su crianza. En apenas un par de décadas, en países como España se ha pasado a un modelo familiar paidocéntrico. El niño, que antes no debía molestar y al que, incluso, se le trataba en ocasiones como a un «mueble», hoy está situado en un altar doméstico.A esta criatura adorada le rinden culto sus ajetreados padres, quienes viven por y para ella y están dispuestos a «darle todo» y hacer «todo» para que sea feliz pero, a la vez, triunfe en la vida. Porque hoy los hijos son un signo de estatus; un reflejo de las aspiraciones de los padres, con el coste emocional que ello implica. Esta crianza, que se ha bautizado como “híper”, “intensiva” o “helicóptero”, es un fenómeno complejo y ya dominante, con consecuencias tanto a nivel psicológico como sociológico.En el siguiente artículo trataré de sintetizar sus características y consecuencias. Me serviré de los tres libros que he escrito sobre el tema1, mis artículos periodísticos, mi blog2 y mis propias experiencias como conferenciante, observadora y madre. (AU)


In the 21st century, as children become an ever scarcer good in the first world, families have come to increasingly revolve around them. Never before have parents paid so much attention to their children, or invested so many financial and emotional resources in their upbringing. In just a couple of decades, countries like Spain have moved to a child-centric family model. Children, who in the past were expected to keep out of the way —and were sometimes even treated as though they were a part of the furniture—, are today placed on a domestic altar.These adored creatures are worshipped by their full-time parents, who live for them and through them. They are willing to give them everything, and do all that is needed to make them both happy and successful. Because today children are a status symbol; a reflection of their parents´ aspirations, with all the emotional cost that this implies. This model of child rearing, which has been dubbed "hyper", "intensive" or "helicopter" parenting, is a complex and already dominant phenomenon, with consequences on both a psychological and sociological level.In this article I aim to synthesize the characteristics and consequences of this model. I will draw on the three books I have written on the subject, my newspaper articles, my blog, and my own experiences as a speaker, observer, and mother. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Educação Infantil/psicologia , Educação Infantil/tendências , Ansiedade , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Poder Familiar/tendências
2.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 43(1,supl): 347-355, ene. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Português | IBECS | ID: ibc-193328

RESUMO

Understanding the process of transition of the extended family in the newborn's inte-gration was the aim of this study.It is a qualitative study using the Grounded Theory. It is based on 14 families of one of the autonomous regions of Portugal and the semi-structured interview was used for data collection. The Causal Condition - Comparing Different Perspectives emerged from the analysis. It is characterized as the beginning of the newborn's integration in the family process trajectory, where the extended family hasn't integrated the changes yet and shows some difficulties in its operationalization. In the newborn's integration in the extended family process: Comparing Different Perspectives represents the confrontations/conflicts inside the cohabiting family, due to the existence of different perspectives in raising the new member. Thus, the study enabled us to understand not only the transitional process dynamics, as it is a reflection point and a raising of awareness to the change/innovation of the practice and formation contexts, but also how the extended family deals with the beginning of the experience as far as the newborn's integration in the family transition is concerned


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Características da Família , Adaptação Psicológica , Relações Pais-Filho , Educação Infantil/tendências , Relações Familiares , Poder Familiar/tendências , Cuidado Transicional/tendências
3.
Evid. actual. práct. ambul ; 23(4): e002097, 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1141079

RESUMO

Desde la aparición del cine, hace más de un siglo, hasta la actual invasión de dispositivos móviles, la velocidad en la evo-lución de las pantallas ha sido exponencial, y se ha acompañado de nuevas formas de consumir medios audiovisuales, de comunicarnos y de administrar nuestro tiempo de ocio. Las aplicaciones han dado un salto desde la computadora de escritorio a los smartphones, lo que facilitó su acceso en cualquier lugar y momento, haciendo que los niños y adolescentes de hoy (generación Z, nativos digitales y neodigitales) tengan más acceso a medios electrónicos que cualquier otra generación previa. En paralelo, ha crecido la preocupación por el efecto que estas pantallas podrían tener sobre el desarrollo infantil. A partir de los resultados de varias investigaciones, diferentes entidades desarrollaron recomendaciones sobre el uso de pantallas en niños, fijando la mayoría de ellas un límite "seguro" de consumo de dos horas al día. Sin embargo, la evidencia que las respalda es muy débil. Dada la actual situación de pandemia, que obliga a confinarnos en nuestros hogares, alejados físicamente de otras personas y sin acceso a actividades recreativas en el exterior, la mayoría de estas recomendaciones suenan bastante limitantes y difíciles de cumplir. Este artículo propone: 1) repasar la información disponible sobre el consumo de pantallas en niños, 2) exponer la evidencia que respalda las actuales recomendaciones de diferentes instituciones respecto de su uso, 3) evaluarla críticamente, visibilizando los vacíos de conocimiento, para jerarquizarlos a la hora de aconsejar sobre crianza a las familias que atendemos. (AU)


Since the creation of cinema more than a century ago, and until the current invasion of mobile devices, the speed in the evolution of the screens has been exponential, which comes with new ways of consuming multimedia, communicating and managing our leisure time. Applications have made a leap from desktop computers to smartphones, facilitating their access anywhere and anytime, allowing children and teenagers today (Generation Z, digital and neo-digital natives) to have moreaccess to electronic media than any other previous generation. At the same time, concern has grown about the effect these screens could have on child development. Based on the results of several investigations, different entities developed recommendations on the use of screens in children, setting most ofthem a "safe" limit of consumption of two hours a day. However, the supporting evidence is very weak.In the context of the current pandemic, which forces us to confine our selves to our homes, physically away from other people and without access to recreational outdoor activities, most of these recommendations sound quite limiting and difficult to accomplish. This article proposes: 1) to review the information available on-screen consumption in children, 2) to expose the evidence that supports current recommendations of different institutions regarding its use, 3) to critically evaluate it, making the gapsin knowledge visible, in order to prioritize them when giving the families we care for advice on parenting. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Tempo de Tela , Qualidade de Vida , Isolamento Social , Educação Infantil/tendências , Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Afeto , Pandemias , Obesidade Pediátrica/etiologia
4.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 21(83): 307-312, jul.-sept. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-188651

RESUMO

El juego contribuye de manera fundamental al desarrollo de las capacidades intelectuales, emocionales y motoras. En él manifiestan los niños sus vivencias, necesidades y conflictos. La terapia de juego busca un ambiente de confianza, comprensión, respeto y responsabilidad, donde expresen sus problemas mientras juegan, creando una relación que atienda las carencias de sus circunstancias personales y familiares, facilitando el desarrollo de la personalidad y la adquisición progresiva de una madurez personal y social


Play contributes fundamentally to the development of intellectual, emotional and motor skills. Children show trough it their experiences, needs and conflicts. Play therapy seeks an environment of trust, understanding, respect and responsibility, where they express their problems while playing, creating a relationship that addresses the shortcomings of their personal and family circumstances, facilitating the development of personality and the progressive acquisition of personal and social maturity


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Jogos Recreativos/psicologia , Recreação/psicologia , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Desenvolvimento da Personalidade , Poder Familiar/tendências , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente/tendências , Proteção da Criança/tendências , Socialização , Criatividade , Maus-Tratos Infantis/prevenção & controle , Educação Infantil/tendências , Jogos e Brinquedos/psicologia
5.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 33(3): 296-298, mayo-jun. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-183753

RESUMO

La Ciudad de las Niñas y los Niños es un proyecto internacional que pretende fomentar la autonomía y la participación infantil plena en la construcción de la ciudad. Tras aprobarse en 2011 en el pleno del Ayuntamiento de Huesca, se crearon el Consejo de las Niñas y los Niños y el Laboratorio de la Ciudad, órganos en los que hay representación de todos los colegios de Huesca. Para hacer explícito el trabajo sobre la salud se han incorporado actividades como «Caminos saludables», en la que se utiliza la técnica del mapeo de activos. Además del trabajo interdisciplinario entre distintas áreas del ayuntamiento, profesionales de los sectores educativo (colegios y universidad), sanitario y social, se observan impactos en el entorno físico urbano, con la remodelación de un parque, una calle y una plaza; y en los estilos de vida de los escolares, al aumentar el número de aquellos que van andando solos al colegio


The City of Girls and Boys of Huesca (Spain) is an international project that seeks to foster children's autonomy and full participation in the construction of the city. Following its formal approval at the City Council of Huesca, the Girls and Boys Board and the City Laboratory were created, both of which include children from all the schools of Huesca. To highlightthe work on health, activities such as "Healthy School Paths", in which the asset mapping technique is used, were incorporated. Besides the interdisciplinary work among different areas of the city council, professionals from education (schools and university), health and social services, effects on the urban physical environment, with one street, park and square remodelled; and on the children's lifestyles, with more children walking to school alone, have been observed


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Cidade Saudável , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Participação Social , Política Pública , Planejamento Ambiental/tendências , Programas Gente Saudável/organização & administração , Educação Infantil/tendências , Cuidado da Criança/tendências
6.
Behav Ther ; 50(2): 340-352, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30824250

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to test whether Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), a widely used effective therapy for children's externalizing behaviors and parenting problems, was associated with improvements in parents' emotion regulation and reflective functioning. We also investigated whether these improvements had unique associations with children's improvements in externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Participants were 139 Australian children aged 29 to 83 months and their caregivers; all were referred for child externalizing behavior problems coupled with parenting skill deficits or high parent stress. All data were gathered via a questionnaire completed prior to and after completion of PCIT. Significant improvements were found in parents' self-reported emotion dysregulation and capacity to use cognitive reappraisal for emotion regulation. There was also improvement in parents' self-report of children's symptoms, parenting practices, and reflective functioning in the form of prementalizing, which measured a low capacity to understand the emotional world of the child. Multiple regression showed that improvements in cognitive reappraisal, prementalizing, and negative parenting practices were associated with improvement in children's symptoms. The findings extend the existing evidence for PCIT as an effective parenting intervention, adding parents' perceived emotion regulation and reflective functioning to the list of positive outcomes from PCIT. Improved emotion regulation and reflective functioning, unique from changes in parenting practices, could be mechanisms that help explain why PCIT has been associated with improvements in children's externalizing behaviors.


Assuntos
Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Emoções , Terapia Familiar/métodos , Relações Pais-Filho , Pais/psicologia , Percepção , Austrália/epidemiologia , Criança , Comportamento Infantil/fisiologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/terapia , Educação Infantil/psicologia , Educação Infantil/tendências , Pré-Escolar , Emoções/fisiologia , Terapia Familiar/tendências , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Poder Familiar/tendências , Percepção/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 21(81): e25-e30, ene.-mar. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-184541

RESUMO

La teoría del apego formulada originariamente por John Bowlby en la década de los cincuenta ha permitido profundizar en el conocimiento del vínculo de los padres con el bebé, así como mostrar que este vínculo es esencial para que los niños se desarrollen sanamente. La calidad de este vínculo de apego con las personas que cuidan al niño influirá en el desarrollo de sus capacidades mentales. Los pediatras tienen un papel privilegiado para mostrar a padres y madres la manera adecuada de atender tanto las necesidades psicológicas como físicas del bebé y de los niños


The Psychological attachment theory originally formulated by John Bowlby in the fifties has allowed to deepen the knowledge of the link parents-baby and has showed that the bond of attachment is essential for children to develop healthily. The quality of this bond of attachment with the people who care for the child will influence the development of their mental capacities. Pediatricians have a privileged role to show fathers and mothers the proper way to meet both the psychological and physical needs of baby and children


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Cuidado da Criança/métodos , Educação Infantil/tendências , Poder Familiar , Desenvolvimento Infantil/classificação , Educação/tendências , Pediatria/tendências , Apego ao Objeto , Desempenho Psicomotor/classificação
8.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 33(1): 10-16, ene.-feb. 2019. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-183621

RESUMO

Objective: We implemented and evaluated the Parenting Skills Program for families in Spain 1) to examine differences in parenting skills, social support, children's behaviours and parental stress pre, immediately post and six months post intervention and 2) to identify mechanisms by which the intervention is related to changes in the four outcomes examined. Methods: Quasi-experimental study design with pre (T0), post (T1), a follow-up (T2) and no control group, complemented by a qualitative study was used. The outcome variables were social support, parenting skills, parental stress and children's behaviours. 216 parents completed pre and post questionnaire and 130 parents the follow-up questionnaire. 39 professionals and 34 parents participated in 17 interviews and 5 discussion groups. Results: Compared with T0, all four outcomes improved significantly at T1. 76% of the participants improved parenting skills and 61% social support. 56% reduced children's negative behaviours and 66% parental stress. All outcomes maintained this significant improvement at T2. Parents and professionals describe different changes in parents' parenting skills, stress and social support after participation in the PSP, and in their children's behaviours. Some subcategories emerged after analysing parents' and professionals' discourses. Conclusions: This study describes positive parenting effects on participants of a parent-training program in Spain, which is a country where implementation and evaluation of these kind of interventions is an incipient issue


Objetivo: Se introdujo y evaluó el Programa de Habilidades Parentales para familias a fin de: 1) examinar las diferencias en cuanto a habilidades parentales, apoyo social, comportamientos infantiles y estrés parental preintervención, inmediatamente después y 6 meses después de la intervención, y 2) identificar los mecanismos que explican los cambios generados por la intervención para las cuatro variables examinadas. Método: Estudio cuasiexperimental con pre (T0), post (T1) y seguimiento (T2), sin grupo control, complementado con un estudio cualitativo. Variables: apoyo social, habilidades parentales, estrés parental y comportamientos infantiles. Completaron el cuestionario pre y post 216 padres/madres, y 130 el de seguimiento. Treinta y nueve profesionales y 34 padres/madres participaron en 17 entrevistas y cinco grupos de discusión. Resultados: Comparado con T0, las cuatro variables mejoraron significativamente en T1. El 76% de los participantes mejoraron las habilidades parentales y el 61% el apoyo social. El 56% redujo los comportamientos infantiles negativos y el 66% el estrés parental. Las variables mantuvieron significativa la mejora en T2. Padres/madres y profesionales describieron cambios en las cuatro variables tras participar en el Programa de Habilidades Parentales. Surgieron subcategorías tras el análisis discursivo. Conclusiones: Este estudio describe efectos positivos en la parentalidad de los participantes en un programa de educación parental español, siendo este un país donde la introducción y la evaluación de este tipo de programas son incipientes


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pais/educação , Poder Familiar , Educação Infantil/tendências , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/prevenção & controle , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Apoio Social , Habilidades Sociais , Adaptação Psicológica
9.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 20(79): 237-243, jul.-sept. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-180945

RESUMO

Introducción: en las consultas de Pediatría de Atención Primaria, una de las principales reivindicaciones de las madres es la necesidad de sentirse comprendidas en el afrontamiento de su nuevo rol. Objetivo: el presente estudio trata de conocer las vivencias que un grupo de mujeres relatan sobre la maternidad para identificar los aspectos que tener en cuenta en la promoción de la salud infantil. Material y métodos: estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Siete madres configuran la muestra. Los grupos de discusión fueron grabados y transcritos para realizar el análisis de contenido. Este se llevó a cabo de forma colaborativa siguiendo los cánones de la codificación abierta hasta la saturación teórica. Resultados: las vivencias más relevantes se organizan en tres categorías. En cuanto a la relación con sus hijos, subrayan que dicha relación les reporta "felicidad", aunque señalan el "trabajo" como un obstáculo importante para ello. En referencia a ellas mismas se describen en "alarma constante", "preocupadas", con "miedo" frente a la crianza, y con la necesidad de tener "tiempo para ellas". Respecto al apoyo social, aseguran que, aunque sus parejas se "implican", suelen "sentirse mal" por comentarios de sus madres, y "presionadas" por los pediatras. Conclusiones: la formación, si otorga importancia a la comunicación, puede hacer emerger en las consultas de Pediatría de Atención Primaria, relaciones que facilitan la reflexión de las madres sobre la crianza, y que no culpabilizan para asegurar así la adhesión a las recomendaciones pediátricas y la promoción de la salud infantil


Introduction: one of the main demands of mothers in paediatric primary care is to feel understood as they take on this new role. Objective: the study aims at exploring the experiences of motherhood described by a group of women to identify the aspects that need considering for the purpose of child health promotion. Materials and methods: we conducted a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The sample consisted of seven mothers. The discussion groups were recorded and their contents transcribed for subsequent analysis. The latter was performed collaboratively following the methodology of open coding until theoretical saturation was achieved. Results: the most relevant experiences could be fitted into three categories. When it came to their relationship with their children, mothers highlighted that it gave them "happiness," although they pointed out "work" as a significant barrier to it. When it came to themselves, they reported feeling "constant alarm," "worried" and "fearful" in regard to childrearing and needing "time for themselves". As for social support, they stated that while their partners were "involved," they tended to "feel bad" in response to comments made by their own mothers and also "pressured" by paediatricians. Conclusions: emphasising communication skills during training could aid the development of doctor-patient rapport in paediatric primary care so that mothers can reflect on childrearing and not feel blamed, thus promoting adherence to paediatric recommendations and consequently child health


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Cuidado da Criança/métodos , Poder Familiar/tendências , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Educação Infantil/tendências , Mulheres Trabalhadoras/estatística & dados numéricos , Relações Mãe-Filho , Grupos Focais/estatística & dados numéricos
10.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(1): 35-40, ene.-feb. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-170150

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar la problemática comportamental de los/las menores que han estado expuestos/as junto a sus madres a situaciones de violencia de género, y el efecto moderador de las pautas de crianza materna. Método: Se analiza, mediante la Child Behavior Checklist, la problemática conductual de 46 menores de entre 6 y 16 años de edad, y la posible relación entre los problemas detectados y las competencias parentales mostradas en la interacción madre-hijo/a en los centros de acogida. Resultados: Se detecta una mayor problemática conductual en los/las menores, en comparación con la población normativa. Las dificultades en la crianza y la interacción madre-hijo/a se relacionan especialmente con la manifestación de problemas externalizantes. Conclusiones: Vivir en contextos de violencia de género afecta al ajuste psicosocial de los/las menores y deteriora las competencias parentales de las víctimas. En consecuencia, la intervención de los/las profesionales del ámbito sociosanitario con las víctimas debería prestar mayor atención a las dificultades de los/las menores y a restablecer las competencias de crianza de las madres en aras de paliar las repercusiones de la violencia de género en sus hijos/as (AU)


Objective: To assess the behavioural problems of children who have been exposed to intimate partner violence situations, and the moderating effect of mother parenting. Method: We analysed, using the Child Behavior CheckList, behavioural problems of 46 children between 6 and 16 years, and the relationship between the detected problems and parenting skills shown in the mother-child interaction in shelters. Results: Increased behavioural problems were detected in children, compared with normative population. Difficulties in parenting skills in mother-child interaction especially connect with the manifestation of externalizing problems in children. Conclusions: Living in a gender violence environment affects children's psychosocial adjustment and it damages the victim's parental competence. Consequently, the intervention of socio-health professionals with Intimate partner violence victims should pay more attention to detect the difficulties of children and restore the parenting skills of the mothers in order to alleviate the repercussions of gender violence on their children (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Violência contra a Mulher , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Poder Familiar/tendências , Educação Infantil/tendências , Transtornos de Deficit da Atenção e do Comportamento Disruptivo/terapia , Relações Mãe-Filho/psicologia , Estudos Transversais/métodos , 28599
11.
Rev. bras. estud. popul ; 35(1): e0066, 2018. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-985275

RESUMO

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar se os arranjos familiares (monoparentais ou biparentais) afetam na escolha parental de qual rede de ensino (pública ou privada) matricular os filhos. Utilizando os dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 2015, os resultados apontaram para dissemelhanças entre os arranjos familiares, as quais podem ser explicadas pelas diferenças nas preferências dos indivíduos, assim como na renda familiar. Verifica-se que existe maior probabilidade de as famílias investirem privadamente no ensino infantil. A evidência pode ser decorrente da oferta reduzida de creches públicas. Segundo a ordem de nascimento, para os arranjos familiares monoparental feminino e casal com filhos, as famílias preferem investir no filho mais velho, em detrimento dos demais filhos. Além disso, verificou-se que o filho do sexo masculino tem menores chances de estudar em uma rede privada caso esteja em um arranjo monoparental feminino. Esse resultado pode mostrar uma preferência da mãe em incentivar o estudo da filha em uma tentativa de empoderá-la.


This study aims to analyze whether family arrangements (single-parent or two-parent) influence the choice of school system (public or private) for children. For this analysis, data from the 2015 National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) were used. Results point to dissimilarities among family arrangements which can be explained by differences in individual preferences as well as in family income. We found that families are more likely to invest privately in early childhood education. The evidence may be due to the small number of public day care centers. According to the order of birth, families can invest in their eldest child to the detriment of their other children, in the case of female single-parent and two-parent family arrangements. In addition, we found that male children were less likely to study in a private school in female single-parent arrangement. This result may show mothers' wishes to encourage daughters to study in an attempt to empower them.


El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si los arreglos familiares (monoparentales o biparentales) afectan la elección parental del tipo de institución (pública o privada) en la cual serán matriculados los hijos. Para este analísis fueron utilizados los datos tomados de la Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 2015. Los resultados apuntan a que las diferencias en la conformación de las familias pueden ser explicadas por las preferencias de los individuos así como por su enta familiar. Se observa que existe mayor probabilidad de que las familias inviertan en educación privada durante la educación infantil. No obstante, esto puede deberse a la falta de oferta de este servicio en la red de instituciones públicas. Asimismo, de acuerdo al orden de los hijos, se prefiere invertir en el hijo mayor en detrimento de los demás hijos, especialmente los arreglos familiares monoparentales femeninos o biparentales en matrimonio. A su vez, se encontró que el hijo de sexo masculino tiene menos oportunidades de estudiar en una institución privada en una familia con arreglo monoparental femenino. Este resultado puede evidenciar la preferencia de la madre a incentivar el estudio en la hija mujer, en una tentativa de buscar su empoderamiento.


Assuntos
Humanos , Família , Creches , Setor Público , Setor Privado , Relações Familiares , Política Pública , Brasil , Educação Infantil/tendências , Demografia/tendências , Características da Família , Educação/economia
12.
Interv. psicosoc. (Internet) ; 26(2): 63-72, ago. 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-164807

RESUMO

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACT - Raising Safe Kids Program in different socioeconomic contexts. The sample included 64 mothers of children aged 3-8 years, and 64 other caregivers, divided into three groups according to family socioeconomic level and type of school of the children (C-Public, B-Public and B-Private). The maternal parenting practices and behavior of the children were evaluated pre- and post-intervention with the ACT Program in group. Regardless of the socioeconomic level of the families and the type of school of the children, the ACT Program was effective in improving maternal parenting practices and behavior of the children, according to the perception of the mothers and other caregivers. The findings demonstrate the validity of the ACT Program in Brazilian context for socioeconomic levels B and C and public and private schools


El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la eficacia del Programa ACT Educando a Niños en Ambientes Seguros en distintos contextos socioeconómicos. En la muestra se incluyeron 64 madres de niños de entre 3 y 8 años de edad y otros 64 cuidadores, que se dividieron en 3 grupos conforme al nivel socioeconómico familiar y al tipo de colegio al que acudían los niños (C-Público; B-Público y B-Privado). Se evaluaron las prácticas educativas de las madres y el comportamiento de los hijos pre y postintervención con el Programa ACT en el grupo. Con independencia del nivel socioeconómico familiar y del tipo de colegio de los niños, el Programa ACT fue eficaz y mejoró las prácticas educativas materna y el comportamiento infantil, según la percepción de las madres y los cuidadores. Los hallazgos demuestran la validez del Programa ACT en el contexto brasileño para los niveles socioeconómicos B y C y los colegios públicos y privados


Assuntos
Humanos , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Educação Infantil/tendências , Mães/educação , Comportamento Materno , Estudos Controlados Antes e Depois/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação não Profissionalizante/tendências , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Avaliação de Resultado de Ações Preventivas
13.
J Phys Act Health ; 14(9): 692-700, 2017 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28513242

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Valid instruments of parenting practices related to children's physical activity (PA) are essential to understand how parents affect preschoolers' PA. This study developed and validated a questionnaire of PA-related parenting practices for Chinese-speaking parents of preschoolers in Hong Kong. METHODS: Parents (n = 394) completed a questionnaire developed using findings from formative qualitative research and literature searches. Test-retest reliability was determined on a subsample (n = 61). Factorial validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Subscale internal consistency was determined. RESULTS: The scale of parenting practices encouraging PA comprised 2 latent factors: Modeling, structure and participatory engagement in PA (23 items), and Provision of appropriate places for child's PA (4 items). The scale of parenting practices discouraging PA scale encompassed 4 latent factors: Safety concern/overprotection (6 items), Psychological/behavioral control (5 items), Promoting inactivity (4 items), and Promoting screen time (2 items). Test-retest reliabilities were moderate to excellent (0.58 to 0.82), and internal subscale reliabilities were acceptable (0.63 to 0.89). CONCLUSION: We developed a theory-based questionnaire for assessing PA-related parenting practices among Chinese-speaking parents of Hong Kong preschoolers. While some items were context and culture specific, many were similar to those previously found in other populations, indicating a degree of construct generalizability across cultures.


Assuntos
Educação Infantil/tendências , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Adulto , Povo Asiático , Pré-Escolar , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Poder Familiar , Pais , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários
14.
Child Abuse Negl ; 71: 5-8, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28249733

RESUMO

Despite numerous studies identifying a broad range of harms associated with the use of spanking and other types of physical punishment, debate continues about its use as a form of discipline. In this commentary, we recommend four strategies to move the field forward and beyond the spanking debate including: 1) use of methodological approaches that allow for stronger causal inference; 2) consideration of human rights issues; 3) a focus on understanding the causes of spanking and reasons for its decline in certain countries; and 4) more emphasis on evidence-based approaches to changing social norms to reject spanking as a form of discipline. Physical punishment needs to be recognized as an important public health problem.


Assuntos
Agressão/psicologia , Educação Infantil/psicologia , Punição/psicologia , Pesquisa , Criança , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente/psicologia , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente/tendências , Educação Infantil/tendências , Pré-Escolar , Comparação Transcultural , Estudos Transversais , Previsões , Humanos , Lactente , Ontário , Abuso Físico/prevenção & controle , Abuso Físico/psicologia , Abuso Físico/tendências , Valores Sociais
15.
Univ. psychol ; 16(1): 263-274, Jan.-Mar. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-904630

RESUMO

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la influencia de la percepción de los estilos de crianza en las autopercepciones de los niños en función del género. Se administró el Perfil de Autopercepciones para Niños (SPPC) y la Escala Argentina de Percepción de la Relación con los Padres a una muestra de 98 niños de ambos sexos (varones 43.90 %; edad media = 9.86; DE = 1.28) de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Se encontró que la percepción de la relación con los padres predice el nivel de las autopercepciones de las niñas en los todos los dominios evaluados (físico/social, académico/comportamental, y autoestima global) mientras que solo la aceptación por parte de la madre predice las autopercepciones de los varones en el dominio físico/social.


ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to study the influence of perceived parenting styles in children's self-perceptions considering differences by gender. The Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) and the Argentine Scale of the Perception of the Relationship with Parents was administered to a sample of 98 children of both genders (males 43.90 %, mean = 9.86 years, SD = 1.28) of Buenos Aires (Argentina). We found that the perception of the relationships with parents predicted the level of girls' self-perceptions in all the assessed domains (physical/social, academic/behavioral, and global self-esteem) while only the acceptance perceived in the relationship with the mother predicted boys' self-perceptions in the physical/social domain.


Assuntos
Autoimagem , Educação Infantil/tendências , Relações Pai-Filho
16.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 19(73): 15-21, ene.-mar. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-161854

RESUMO

Objetivo: estudiar la prevalencia del colecho en las familias de los niños que acuden a las consultas pediátricas de Atención Primaria y su relación con determinados aspectos de la crianza. Pacientes y métodos: estudio de casos y controles mediante cuestionario. Se han recogido 317 encuestas de niños con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 24 meses y pertenecientes a dos consultas de Atención Primaria de Madrid. Los niños que practicaban colecho se consideraron como casos, y los que no lo practicaban se consideraron el grupo de control. El número de despertares nocturnos por encima de tres, los episodios de infecciones respiratorias de vías bajas y la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva o complementada fueron utilizadas como medidas de resultado. Resultados: en el análisis multivariante, las variables relacionadas positivamente con el colecho son: el tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva, odds ratio (OR) = 1,127 (p = 0,008) y mixta OR = 1,126 (p < 0,0001); el número de niños con más de tres despertares nocturnos, OR = 1,844 (p = 0,001), y el tabaquismo de uno o ambos progenitores, OR = 2,290 (p = 0,008). El nivel socioeconómico actúa como factor de protección, OR = 0,545 (p = 0,001). La presencia de infecciones respiratorias de vías bajas fue más frecuente en el grupo con colecho, pero no tuvo significación estadística en el análisis multivariante. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos muestran que la práctica del colecho facilita la instauración de la lactancia materna y su prolongación en el tiempo, y sin embargo favorece que los niños se despierten con mayor frecuencia en la noche y propicia que padezcan más procesos infecciosos de vías bajas. El bajo nivel socioeconómico y el tabaquismo de las familias son factores ligados a la práctica del colecho (AU)


Objective: to study the prevalence of co-sleeping in in the families of children attending pediatric Primary Care consultations and its relation with a certain number of aspects of their upbringing. Patients and methods: case-control study with assessment questionnaires. A total of 317 surveys were collected from parents of children between the ages of 6 and 24 months who belonged to two Primary Care consultations in Madrid-Spain. Children who practiced co-sleeping were considered as cases whereas those who did not were considered control group. The number of nocturnal awakenings, episodes of lower respiratory tract infection and the duration of exclusive or complementary breastfeeding have been used as outcome indicators. Results: the variables positively related to co-sleeping in the multivariate analysis are: the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, odds ratio (OR) = 1,127 (p = 0,008) and complementary breastfeeding, OR = 0,126 (p < 0,0001); the number of nocturnal awakenings over three times, OR = 1,844 (p = 0,001) and smoking habit by one or both progenitors OR = 2,290 (p = 0,008). The socioeconomic level acts as a protection factor OR = 0,545 (p = 0,001). The presence of lower respiratory tract infections was more frequent in the co-sleeping group, but had no statistical significance in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: the results indicate that co-sleeping favours breastfeeding and its extension through time. Nevertheless, it also favours children’s nocturnal awakening and increases the risk of lower respiratory infections. The low socioeconomic level of the families and tobacco smoking are factors that favour co-sleeping (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Sono/fisiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Educação Infantil/tendências , Hábitos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise Fatorial , Intervalos de Confiança , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Modelos Logísticos
17.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 37(1): 132-140, 2017. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-180290

RESUMO

Introducción: El niño a medida que crece y se desarrolla dentro de su núcleo familiar y social va adquiriendo determinados hábitos alimentarios que empiezan a conformarse desde las etapas más tempranas. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el país de origen de las familias que responden la encuesta nutricional, la relación entre el parentesco y la responsabilidad en la alimentación del niño, la edad y el estado civil de la persona que responde la encuesta, la situación laboral de los padres, la persona encargada de planificar y elaborar el menú del niño, el número de personas que viven en el hogar en relación con la complementación de la dieta diaria y la consideración del tiempo del que se dispone para organizar el menú del niño. Material Y Métodos: A través de una encuesta nutricional, dirigida a padres que respondían acerca de los hábitos alimentarios de sus hijos, se pudo obtener la información correspondiente. Sobre una población total de 312 niños que cursaban primaria en diferentes colegios de Valencia (España), se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal del cual se obtuvo una muestra de 245 cuestionarios, recogidos entre junio y diciembre de 2012. Resultados: El 84,49% de los niños provienen de familias cuyo país de origen es España. Hay un 13,41% de niños cuyo país de origen de la familia no es España, aunque este porcentaje lo ocupan niños provenientes de 18 países de origen distintos, mientras que del 2,04% de los niños, se desconoce el país de origen de sus familias puesto que no se indica. El 86,06% de las madres se consideran responsables en la alimentación del niño frente al 9,62% de loa padres. La mayoría de los padres o representantes legales de los niños en edad escolar estudiados, se encuentran entre los 35-39 años para un 29,33% y entre los 40-49 años para un 53,85%. El 84,62% de la persona que responde al cuestionario está casado o vive en pareja. El 74,52% de los padres trabaja, frente al 54,80% de las madres. La madre es en el 74,27% de los casos, la que planifica habitualmente el menú del niño y en un 71,36% la persona que lo elabora. El padre lo planifica en un 0,97% y lo elabora un 2,91%. Cuando el número de personas que viven en el hogar es muy bajo, 2 personas, la complementación de la dieta diaria es del 4,29% y del 31,03%, 40,90% y 36% para hogares de 3, 4 y 5 personas, respectivamente, la mayoría de las veces. Para los hogares de 2, 3, 4 y 5 personas la respuesta de considerar que el tiempo es adecuado para organizar el menú del niño es del 57,14%, 68,34%, 61,6% y 52%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La gran mayoría de las familias estudiadas son de origen español. La madre es la que mayor porcentaje de responsabilidad tiene en la alimentación del niño. La edad de la persona que responde al cuestionario se incrementa hacia el grupo de 40-49 años y 50 y más años. Principalmente estas personas están casadas o viven en pareja. La situación de paro en las madres es mayor que en los padres. En la elaboración y planificación del menú del niño se observa también que en la madre recaen principalmente ambas tareas. Cuando el número de personas que viven en el hogar es muy bajo (2 personas) la complementación de la dieta diaria es menor, los mejores resultados se reflejan en hogares formados por 3, 4 y 5 personas, donde esta complementación se realiza la mayoría de las veces. En los hogares de 2, 3, 4 y 5 personas, prevalece la respuesta de considerar que el tiempo del que se dispone para organizar el menú del niño es adecuado


Introduction: As a child grows and develops within its family and social nucleus, determined eating habits are acquired from the earliest stages. The aim of this investigation is to obtain information about the origin of the families who respond to the nutritional survey, recognise the relationship to the child and the responsibility of the child's nutrition, the civil state of the person, the professional situation of the parents, the person in charge of planning and providing the child's menu, the number of people who live in the household in relation to the complementation to the daily diet and the consideration of the time available for organising the child's menu. Material And Methods: Through a nutritional survey aimed at parents concerning their children's eating habits, the following information was obtained. In a total population of 312 school age children who attended different schools in Valencia (Spain), an observational, descriptive cross section study was performed, from which 245 samples of the survey were gleaned, collected between June and December 2012. Results: 84.49% of the children come from families of Spanish origin. 13.41% of the children are from families who are not Spanish, summing up to 18 different countries of origin; while it is unknown the origin of 2.04% of the families, as they did not indicate this in the survey. 86.06% of mothers consider that they are responsible for overseeing their child's diet, whilst 9.62% of fathers take this role. The majority of parents or legal representatives of the students in the study are between: 35-39 years old ( 29.33%) and between 40-49 years old (53.85%). 84,62% of the participants in the survey are married or living with their partner. 74.52% of fathers and54.80% of mothers are employed. In 74.27% of households, the role of planning and preparing the child's daily diet belongs to the mother, with the father taking the role of planning in 0.97% of cases and preparing in 2.91%. When the number of persons living in the home is lower - 2 people- the complementation of the daily diet is 4.29%, and in the majority of cases of homes with 3,4 and 5 persons, these figures fluctuate in 31.03%, 40.90% and 36% respectively. In households of 2, 3, 4 and 5 persons, the response to the question about having sufficient time to prepare the child's menu was positive in 57.14%, 68.34%, 61.6% y 52% of cases respectively. Conclusions: The large majority of families studied are of Spanish origin. The mothers are the highest percentage of cases regarding the responsibility of the child's diet. The age group of the person who responded to the survey increases between 40-49 years old and 50 years old or above. These people are mainly married or living with their partner. Unemployment is more common amongst mothers than fathers. The role of planning and providing the daily menu of the child is also predominantly mothers rather than fathers. When fewer people live in the home (2 people), the supplementation/complementation of the daily diet is less, the best results are reflected in households formed of 3, 4 and 5 persons, where this complementation occurs in the majority of cases. In the homes where 2, 3, 4 and 5 people reside, the prevailing response is that there is sufficient time available to organise the child's menu


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Comportamento Alimentar , Poder Familiar/tendências , Meio Social , Características da Família , Inquéritos Nutricionais/estatística & dados numéricos , Relações Pais-Filho , Planejamento de Cardápio/métodos , Educação Infantil/tendências
18.
Pediatrics ; 138(6)2016 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27940675

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of corporal punishment is high in the United States despite a 1998 American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement urging against its use. The current study tests whether the socioeconomic difference in its use by parents has changed over the past quarter century. It goes on to test whether socioeconomic differences in the use of nonphysical discipline have also changed over time. METHODS: Data are drawn from 4 national studies conducted between 1988 and 2011. Each asked how often a kindergarten-aged child was spanked in the past week and what the parents would do if the child misbehaved, with physical discipline, time-out, and talking to child as possible responses. We use regression models to estimate parents' responses to these questions at the 90th, 50th, and 10th percentiles of the income and education distributions and t tests to compare estimates across cohorts. RESULTS: The proportion of mothers at the 50th income-percentile who endorse physical discipline decreased from 46% to 21% over time. Gaps between the 90th and 10th income-percentiles were stable at 11 and 18 percentage points in 1988 and 2011. The percentage of mothers at the 10th income-percentile endorsing time-outs increased from 51% to 71%, and the 90/10 income gap decreased from 23 to 14 percentage points between 1998 and 2011. CONCLUSIONS: Decline in popular support for physical discipline reflects real changes in parents' discipline strategies. These changes have occurred at all socioeconomic levels, producing for some behaviors a significant reduction in socioeconomic differences.


Assuntos
Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Educação Infantil/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Punição/psicologia , Adulto , Educação Infantil/tendências , Pré-Escolar , Características da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Renda , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Relações Pais-Filho , Poder Familiar/tendências , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estados Unidos
19.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 32(3): 0-0, jul.-set. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem, CUMED | ID: biblio-960370

RESUMO

Introducción: cuando la mujer vive la experiencia del nacimiento de un hijo se ve enfrentada a una serie de tareas nuevas relacionadas con el rol de madre; el nivel de seguridad que ella tenga en el inicio de su maternidad puede estar fuertemente ligado a su visión de futuro en la forma de criar a su hijo. Objetivo: determinar las expectativas de crianza en madres de recién nacidos a término y pretérmino. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal realizado durante septiembre de 2013 y enero de 2014. Muestra no probabilística, conformada por 340 madres: 162 (47,65 por ciento) madres de recién nacidos a término y 178 (52, 35 por ciento) madres de recién nacidos pretérmino, nacidos en Bucaramanga (Colombia). La información se recolectó mediante el Inventario de Paternidad para Adultos y Adolescentes. Se utilizó el programa Stata versión 12R para el procesamiento y análisis de la información según instructivo. Resultados: el grupo de madres de recién nacidos pretérmino presentaron mejores expectativas de crianza que el grupo de las madres de recién nacidos a término, cuyos puntajes en las cuatro dimensiones se ubicaron en alto riesgo de negligencia en el cuidado. Conclusiones: el conocimiento de las expectativas de crianza de las madres, tanto de recién nacidos a término como de recién nacidos pretérmino, permitirá establecer intervenciones de enfermería para el fortalecimiento del rol materno(AU)


Introduction: When women live the experience of childbirth is faced with a number of new tasks related to the role of mother; the level of security that she has at the start of her maternity may be strongly linked to its vision on how to raise your child. Objective: To determine parenting expectations of mothers of term and preterm infants. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between September 2013 and January 2014. The sample was non-probabilistic and included 340 mothers: 162 (47,65 percent) mothers of term infants and 178 (52,35 percent) mothers of preterm infants, from Bucaramanga (Colombia). The information was collected using the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory. The Stata version 12R program was used for data processing and analysis according to the instructions. Results: The group of mothers of preterm infants had better parenting expectations than the group of mothers of term infants, whose scores on the four dimensions indicated a high risk of negligence in child care. Conclusions: Knowing the parenting expectations of mothers of term and preterm infants will allow to establish nursing interventions aimed at strengthening the maternal role(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Educação Infantil/tendências , Coleta de Dados , Cuidado do Lactente/métodos , Relações Mãe-Filho , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Estudos Transversais
20.
Motrivivência (Florianópolis) ; 28(48): 130-149, set. 2016.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-2082

RESUMO

Este artigo tem como objetivos discutir a organização da Educação Infantil na Base Nacional Curricular Comum (BNCC), focalizando as permanências e os avanços em relação aos documentos que a precederam, e analisar a presença da Educação Física na Educação Infantil a partir dos pressupostos que orientam a Base, em interface com pesquisas sobre experiências pedagógicas com essa área do conhecimento. Para tanto, realiza uma análise documental-bibliográfica, tomando como fontes a BNCC, o Referencial Curricular Nacional para a Educação Infantil, as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil e produções acadêmico-científicas do campo da Educação Física que abordam a Educação Infantil. No processo de análise, estabelece categorias que permitem a interlocução entre as diferentes fontes utilizadas neste estudo. Os dados analisados oferecem indícios de que os pressupostos presentes na BNCC dialogam, não explicitamente, com os movimentos do componente curricular e com a produção acadêmico-científica da Educação Física na Educação Infantil.


This paper aims at discussing the Children's Education organization within the Regular Curricular National Basis (BNCC), focusing on the permanencies and advances taking in relation to the precedent documents, and analyzing the presence of Physical Education in Children's Education from the assumptions that guide the Base, in interface with researches about pedagogical experiences with this field of knowledge. To do so, it carries out a documental-bibliographic analysis, using as sources the BNCC, the National Curricular Referential for Children's Education, the National Curricular Guidelines for Children's Education and academic-scientific productions belonging to the Physical Education area that approach Children's Education. In the analysis process, the work establishes categories which allow the interlocution among different sources used in this study. Data analyzed offers indications that the assumption present in the BNCC dialogue, not explicitly, with the movements of the curricular component and with the Physical Education academic-scientific production regarding Children's Education.


El objetivo es discutir la organización de la Educación Infantil en la Base Nacional Curricular Común (BNCC), enfocando permanencias y avances con relación a documentos que la antecedieron, y analizar la presencia de la Educación Física en la Educación Infantil a partir de los presupuestos que orientan la Base, en interface con investigaciones sobre experiencias pedagógicas en esta área. Para eso, se realiza un análisis documental-bibliográfico, tomando como fuentes la BNCC, el Referencial Curricular Nacional y las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales para la Educación Infantil y producciones académicas-científicas del campo de la Educación Física que abordan la Educación Infantil. En el análisis, se establecen categorías que permiten la interlocución entre diferentes fuentes utilizadas en este estudio. Los datos analizados ofrecen indicios de que los presupuestos presentes en la BNCC dialogan, no explícitamente, con movimientos del componente curricular y con la producción académica-científica de la Educación Física en la Educación Infantil.


Assuntos
Educação Física e Treinamento/tendências , Política Pública , Educação Infantil/tendências , Currículo
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